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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Monocercomonoides rootpage-Monocercomonoides skin-vector-2022 action-view">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Monocercomonoides</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th><i>Monocercomonoides</i>
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<p><i>Monocermonoides melolanthae</i>
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td><i><a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a> (Eukaryota)
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<td><i>ohne&nbsp;Rang:</i>
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<td><a href="Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a>
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td>Oxymonadida
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
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<td>Polymastigidae
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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
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<td><i>Monocercomonoides</i>
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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Monocercomonoides</i>
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<td class="Person">Travis, 1932
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<p><b> <i>Monocercomonoides</i> </b> ist eine Gattung begeißelter <a href="Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryotischer</a> Einzeller („<a href="Protozoen" title="Protozoen">Protozoen</a>“), die zur Ordnung der Oxymonaden gehört. <i>Monocercomonoides</i> ist das erste bekannte Beispiel für einen Kernzeller (<a href="Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryot</a>) ohne <a href="Mitochondrien" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrien">Mitochondrien</a> oder <a href="Homologie_(Biologie)" title="Homologie (Biologie)">vergleichbare</a> Organellen (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic"><b>m</b>itochondria <b>r</b>elated <b>o</b>rganelles</span>, MROs: <a href="Hydrogenosom" title="Hydrogenosom">Hydrogenosomen</a> und <a href="Mitosom" title="Mitosom">Mitosomen</a>). Das Genom dieses <a href="Organismus" title="Organismus">Organismus</a> besteht aus 75 Millionen <a href="Basenpaare" class="mw-redirect" title="Basenpaare">Basenpaaren</a> (75 Mb) und enthält 16629 proteinkodierende Gene, jedoch keine <a href="MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mitochondrialen Gene</a> (mtDNA) und auch keine Gene für <a href="Cardiolipin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiolipin">Cardiolipin</a>, ein <a href="Lipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid">Lipid</a>, das nur in energieumwandelnden Membranen vorkommt.<sup id="cite_ref-KarnkowskaVacek2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KarnkowskaVacek2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Hare_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Hare-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Monocercomonoides</i> haben einen vorne liegenden <a href="Zellkern" title="Zellkern">Zellkern</a> und zwei Paare vorne liegender <a href="Flagellen" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellen">Flagellen</a>. Sie kommen in <a href="S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere">Säugetieren</a>, <a href="Amphibien" title="Amphibien">Amphibien</a>, <a href="Reptilien" title="Reptilien">Reptilien</a> und <a href="Insekten" title="Insekten">Insekten</a> vor und werden als <a href="Pathogenit%C3%A4t" title="Pathogenität">apathogen</a> (nicht krankmachend) angesehen.<sup id="cite_ref-Veterinary_Parasitology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veterinary_Parasitology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der <a href="Stoffwechsel" title="Stoffwechsel">Stoffwechsel</a> von <i>Monocercomonoides</i> wird über Schwefel anstelle von Sauerstoff aufrechterhalten. Man nimmt an, dass diese Einzeller durch <a href="Horizontaler_Gentransfer" title="Horizontaler Gentransfer">horizontalen Gentransfer</a> ein zytosolisches System erworben hatten, um für die Proteinsynthese erforderliche Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster bereitzustellen. Danach waren ihre mitochondrialen Organellen in all ihren Funktionen überflüssig und gingen verloren.<sup id="cite_ref-KarnkowskaVacek2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KarnkowskaVacek2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JDavisIFL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDavisIFL-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-KarnkowskaVacek2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KarnkowskaVacek2016_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KarnkowskaVacek2016_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Karnkowska, Vojtěch Vacek, Zuzana Zubáčová, Sebastian C. Treitli, Romana Petrželková, Laura Eme, Lukáš Novák, Vojtěch Žárský, Lael D. Barlow, Emily K. Herman, Petr Soukal, Miluše Hroudová, Pavel Doležal, Courtney W. Stairs, Andrew J. Roger, Marek Eliáš, Joel B. Dacks, Čestmír Vlček, Vladimír Hampl: <cite style="font-style:italic">A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Current Biology, Elsevier Cell Press</cite>. 26. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, 13.&nbsp;Mai 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220960-9822%22&amp;key=cql">0960-9822</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1274–1284</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053">10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185558?dopt=Abstract">PMID 27185558</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822%2816%2930263-9">cell.com</a> [abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;April 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Monocercomonoides&amp;rft.atitle=A+Eukaryote+without+a+Mitochondrial+Organelle&amp;rft.au=Anna%26%2332%3BKarnkowska%2C%26%2332%3BVojt%C4%9Bch%26%2332%3BVacek%2C%26%2332%3BZuzana%26%2332%3BZub%C3%A1%C4%8Dov%C3%A1%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2016-05-13&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.03.053&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0960-9822&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Biology%2C+Elsevier+Cell+Press&amp;rft.pages=1274-1284&amp;rft.pmid=27185558&amp;rft.volume=26.+Jahrgang" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Dazu:
<ul><li><span class="cite">Josh L. Davis: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-eukaryote-found-lack-mitochondria"><i>Scientists Shocked to Discover Eukaryote With NO Mitochondria.</i></a> IFL Science, 13.&nbsp;Mai 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;April 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMonocercomonoides&amp;rft.title=Scientists+Shocked+to+Discover+Eukaryote+With+NO+Mitochondria&amp;rft.description=Scientists+Shocked+to+Discover+Eukaryote+With+NO+Mitochondria&amp;rft.identifier=&amp;rft.creator=Josh+L.+Davis&amp;rft.publisher=IFL+Science&amp;rft.date=2016-05-13">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li>Anna Azvolinsky: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-scientist.com/daily-news/mysterious-eukaryote-missing-mitochondria-33542">Mysterious Eukaryote Missing Mitochondria – Researchers uncover the first example of a eukaryotic organism that lacks the organelles</a>, auf: The Scientist vom 12. Mai 2016</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-O'Hare-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-O'Hare_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Ryan O'Hare: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3587167/The-strange-creatures-turn-evolution-head-Organisms-power-different-way-plant-animal-fungus-planet.html"><i>The strange creatures that may turn evolution on its head: Organisms power themselves in a different way to every other plant, animal and fungus on the planet.</i></a> Daily Mail Online, 12.&nbsp;Mai 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Mai 2016</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMonocercomonoides&amp;rft.title=The+strange+creatures+that+may+turn+evolution+on+its+head%3A+Organisms+power+themselves+in+a+different+way+to+every+other+plant%2C+animal+and+fungus+on+the+planet&amp;rft.description=The+strange+creatures+that+may+turn+evolution+on+its+head%3A+Organisms+power+themselves+in+a+different+way+to+every+other+plant%2C+animal+and+fungus+on+the+planet&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fsciencetech%2Farticle-3587167%2FThe-strange-creatures-turn-evolution-head-Organisms-power-different-way-plant-animal-fungus-planet.html&amp;rft.creator=Ryan+O%27Hare&amp;rft.publisher=Daily+Mail+Online&amp;rft.date=2016-05-12&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Veterinary_Parasitology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Veterinary_Parasitology_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. A. Taylor, R. L. Coop, R. L. Wall: <i>Veterinary Parasitology.</i> John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2015, ISBN 978-0470671627, S. 128.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JDavisIFL-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JDavisIFL_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Davis, Josh L.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-eukaryote-found-lack-mitochondria"><i>Scientists Shocked to Discover Eukaryote With NO Mitochondria.</i></a> In: <i>IFL Science.</i> 13.&nbsp;Mai 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;April 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMonocercomonoides&amp;rft.title=Scientists+Shocked+to+Discover+Eukaryote+With+NO+Mitochondria&amp;rft.description=Scientists+Shocked+to+Discover+Eukaryote+With+NO+Mitochondria&amp;rft.identifier=&amp;rft.creator=Davis%2C+Josh+L.&amp;rft.date=2016-05-13">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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